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- Ulysses S. Grant was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865 and thereafter briefly served as Secretary of War. Later, as president, Grant was an effective civil rights executive who created the Justice Department and worked with Radical Republicans to protect African Americans during Reconstruction.
- Music Department
- Composer
- Soundtrack
James Pierpont was born on 25 April 1822 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was a composer, known for The Long Kiss Goodnight (1996), The Jacket (2005) and Reindeer Games (2000). He was married to Eliza Jane Purse and Millicent Cowee. He died on 5 August 1893 in Winter Haven, Florida, USA.- Music Department
- Composer
- Soundtrack
César Franck, a French composer best known for his massive Symphony and enchanting three chorales for organ, which he wrote during the last month of his life after being hit by a horse-omnibus.
He was born César-Auguste Franck on December 10, 1822 in Liege, Belgium. He studied at the Royal Conservatoire of Liege before going to the Paris Conservatoire in 1835. There he studied piano with Zimmerman and organ with Benoist. His ability for sight-reading was legendary since his school days; Franck received the "Grand prix d'honneur" for transposing a fugue a third lower on sight.
Franck contributed twelve major works for organ, that made him the most important organ composer in France, and arguably second to Johann Sebastian Bach. He also wrote a massive "Symphony in D minor" (1886-88) and the "Symphonic Variations" for piano and orchestra. He admitted his interest in the music of Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. In 1858 he became organist at the basilica Sainte-Clotilde and remained at that post until his death. He was a professor of organ and composition at the Paris Conservatoire, having such apprentices as Claude Debussy, Louis Vierne, and Paul Dukas.
César Franck suffered from pleurisy after he was hit by a horse-omnibus in 1890. After that accident he composed what is considered his masterpiece, the "Three Chorales" for organ. He died on November 8, 1890 in Paris, and was laid to rest in the Cimetriere du Montparnasse.- Emile Erckmann was born on 20 May 1822 in Phalsbourg, Moselle, France. He was a writer, known for The Bells (1914), The Bells (1918) and Polish Jew (1931). He died on 14 March 1899 in Lunéville, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France.
- Rutherford Birchard Hayes was one of that small legion of political non-entities who have occupied the post of President and First Magistrate of the Republic since Andrew Jackson, though he was a better man than most. Born on October 4, 1822, in Delaware, Ohio,the former Civil War general served a single term in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1865 and 1867 and then served as Governor of Ohio from 1868 to 1872 and from 1876 to 1877, when he surrendered that office for the presidency. He won the Republican nomination in 1876 because reform-minded Republicans blocked the bid of former President Ulysses S. Grant, whose two terms in office had been marked by unprecedented political corruption, for a non-consecutive third term.
He won the nickname "Rutherfraud" for winning election as the 19th President of the United States by being virtually appointed by an electoral commission adjudicating the disputed 1876 election. (The commission made a deal granting the Republicans the presidency in return for the Democrats' request to end Reconstruction in the former Confederate States. The deal damned black freedmen to quasi-slavery for nearly 100 more years.) It was an electoral anomaly that wouldn't be repeated until 2000, when the right-wing Rhenquist Court virtually anointed GOP contender George W. Bush president, not even going through the motions that the pols of the Bicentennial Year did 124 years earlier.
Hayes proved to be a decent if not spectacular president, committed to civil service reform and cleaning out government corruption. He had little taste for the pretensions of the presidency, saying, "The Presidential mania makes mad every man who is at all prominent in Washington. It never seemed to me worth the cost of self-respect, of independence." He did not stand for reelection in 1880.
Rutherford B. Hayes died on January 17, 1893 in Fremont, Ohio. He was 70 years old. - Writer
- Soundtrack
Henri Murger was born on 27 March 1822 in Paris, France. He was a writer, known for La Bohème (1926), The Bohemian Life (1992) and La Bohème (2010). He died on 28 January 1861 in Paris, France.- Thomas Hughes was born on 20 October 1822 in Uffington, Berkshire, England, UK. He was a writer, known for The Flaming Signal (1932), Tom Brown's School Days (1940) and Tom Brown's Schooldays (1916). He died on 22 March 1896 in Brighton, East Sussex, England, UK.
- Dion Boucicault was born on 26 December 1822 in Dublin, Ireland, UK [now Republic of Ireland]. Dion was a writer, known for Conn, the Shaughraun (1912), Arrah-Na-Pogue (1911) and Kathleen Mavourneen (1919). Dion was married to Louise Thorndyke, Agnes Robertson and Anne Guiot. Dion died on 18 September 1890 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Stefan Mitrov Ljubisa was born on 6 March 1822 in Budva, Crna Gora. Stefan Mitrov was a writer, known for Kanjos Macedonovic (1965) and Pastrovski vitez (1982). Stefan Mitrov died on 23 November 1878 in Vienna, Austria.
- Composer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Friedrich Wilhelm Rust was born on 15 August 1822 in Dessau, Germany. He was a composer, known for Incognito (1936), Der Polizeibericht meldet (1934) and Enjoy Yourselves (1934). He died on 2 May 1892 in Leipzig, Germany.- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Joseph Joachim Raff was born on 27 May 1822 in Lachen, Schwyz, Switzerland. He is known for Downtown Express (2011). He was married to Dorothea Genast. He died on 24 June 1882 in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse-Nassau, Germany.- Heinrich Schliemann was born on 6 January 1822 in Neubukow, German Confederation [now Germany]. He died on 26 December 1890 in Naples, Italy.
- Paolo Ferrari was born on 5 April 1822 in Modena, Duchy of Modena [now Emilia-Romagna, Italy]. He was a writer, known for Il suicidio (1916), Il ridicolo (1916) and Le vie del cuore (1942). He was married to Ersilia Branchini. He died on 9 March 1889 in Milan, Italy.
- Georg Weerth was born on 17 February 1822 in Detmold, Germany. He was a writer, known for Leben und Thaten des berühmten Ritters Schnapphahnski (1978). He died on 30 July 1856 in Habana, Cuba.
- József Szigeti was born on 11 May 1822 in Veszprém, Hungary. He was a writer, known for A vén bakancsos és fia, a huszár (1918), Rang és mód (1919) and Viola, az alföldi haramia (1922). He died on 26 February 1902 in Budapest, Hungary.
- Louis Pasteur was born on 27 December 1822 in Dole, France. He died on 28 September 1895 in Villeneuve l'Étang, France.
- Princess Augusta of Cambridge was born on 19 July 1822 in Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover, German Confederation [now Lower Saxony, Germany]. She was married to Frederick William of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. She died on 5 December 1916 in Neustrelitz, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, German Empire [now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany].
- Jan Kalinciak was born on 10 August 1822 in Horné Záturcie, Austrian Empire [now Slovakia]. Jan was a writer, known for Zemianska cest (1958). Jan died on 16 June 1871 in Turócszentmárton, Austria-Hungary [now Martin, Slovakia].
- Lev Mey was born on 13 February 1822 in Moscow, Russian Empire [now Russia]. He was a writer, known for Cara ligava (1964) and Rimsky-Korsakov: The Tsar's Bride (2013). He was married to Sofiya Grigorievna Polyanskaya. He died on 16 May 1862 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire.
- Writer
- Music Department
Edmond de Goncourt was born on 26 May 1822 in Nancy, France. He was a writer, known for Les frères Zemganno (1926), La fille Elisa (1921) and Élisa (1957). He died on 16 July 1896 in Paris, France.- Camera and Electrical Department
Francis Frith was born on 7 October 1822 in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England, UK. Francis is known for Gates of Heaven (1978). Francis died on 25 February 1898 in Reigate, Surrey, England, UK.- Soundtrack
Luigi Arditi was born on 22 July 1822 in Crescentino, Kingdom of Sardinia [now Piedmont, Italy]. He died on 1 May 1903 in Hove, East Sussex, England, UK.- Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden was born on 1 April 1822 in Walton-on-the-Wolds, England, UK. He died on 18 June 1886 in Milan, Lombardy, Italy.
- Edward Everett Hale was born on 3 April 1822 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was a writer, known for As No Man Has Loved (1925), The Man Without a Country (1917) and Matinee Theatre (1955). He died on 10 June 1909 in Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA.