Battlestar Valkyrie receives, for the first time in the show, a name from Norse mythology. Greek mythology is present in the show in the gods and the names of the colonies (inspired in the Zodiac), and several names for Battlestars (Pegasus) or cities (Delphi, Troy). The Valkyries are warrior maidens from Norse mythology who rode the skies on their horses, so Valkyrie seems a good name for a Battlestar.
As Roslin is looking at Adama's dossier, you can see Admiral Adama's service record listed as the following: First commission Battlestar Galactica fighter squadron; Commendation for shooting down Cylon fighter in first combat mission; Mustered out of service post-armistice; Served as Deck Hand in merchant fleet and as common...aboard inter-colony tramp freighters; Recommissioned to fleet; Major, Battlestar Atlantia; Executive Officer, Battlestar Columbia; Commander, Battlestar Valkyrie; Commander, Battlestar Galactica.
Bulldog calls "Krypter, Krypter, Krypter" when his ship is hit. This is the equivalent of "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" distress call.
The Battlestar Valkyrie's designation is "BSG 41."
The Stealth Star from the flashback was designated 7746VA.