When Principal Lewis is talking into the microphone and giving information about the whereabouts of the four boys, this is a nod to the film The Warriors.
The article critical of Debbie can be read if paused. It is actually a biography of actress Jane Wyman.
When the goths are holding off the raging mob of cheerleaders from beating up Steve and his nerd friends, the song they dance to on the boom box is "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by the British band Joy Division.
After Debbie makes her speech in the auditorium, the popular girls walk to the trophy case to threaten Debbie and Steve. Steve picks up a sign, breaks the glass with it. and says, "...you wanna get nuts?!? Come on, let's get nuts!" which is an homage to the scene in Batman (1989) where Bruce Wayne picks up a fireplace poker in Vicky Vale's apartment and threatens the Joker with it.
Steve makes reference to "the Jews who run the AV club." This is a tongue-in-cheek reference to the long-standing belief that Jewish people "control the media."