Insolubilia refers to the study of the Liar's Paradox and other semantic paradoxes that imply their own falsehood, such as "I am lying" or "This sentence is false." The term was coined during the Middle Ages, when such paradoxes were discussed at great length by various authors and philosophers. Despite the name, many scholars believed it was possible to solve such a paradox, but that the solution was very difficult to find.
Ole Munch's request for "pancakes" harkens back to the request made by Gaear Grimsrud (played by Peter Stormare) for "pancakes" in the original Coen Brothers movie Fargo.
The intruders are all wearing masks from "The Nightmare Before Christmas" (1993) They are Lock, Barrel, Jack Skellington, and the Mayor
The escape from predators come to kill out of a window onto the roof of a house that's on fire is a reference to the Coen brothers movie Miller's Crossing.